1.数据插入-Insert
db操作可以说是java后端的必备技能了,实际项目中,直接使用JdbcTemplate的机会并不多,大多是mybatis,hibernate,jpa或者是jooq,然后前几天写一个项目,因为db操作非常简单,就直接使用JdbcTemplate,然而悲催的发现,对他的操作并没有预期中的那么顺畅,所以有必要好好的学一下JdbcTemplate的CURD;本文为第一篇,插入数据
I. 环境
1. 配置相关
使用SpringBoot进行db操作引入几个依赖,就可以愉快的玩耍了,这里的db使用mysql,对应的pom依赖如
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
接着就是db的配置信息,下面是连接我本机的数据库配置
## DataSource
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/story?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=
2. 测试db
创建一个测试db
CREATE TABLE `money` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名',
`money` int(26) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '钱',
`is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`create_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
II. 使用姿势
直接引入jdbcTemplate,注入即可,不需要其他的操作
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
1. sql直接插入一条数据
直接写完整的插入sql,这种方式比较简单粗暴
private boolean insertBySql() {
// 简单的sql执行
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES ('一灰灰blog', 100, 0);";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql) > 0;
}
2. 参数替换方式插入
这种插入方式中,sql使用占位符?,然后插入值通过参数传入即可
private boolean insertBySqlParams() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, "一灰灰2", 200, 0) > 0;
}
3. 通过Statement方式插入
通过Statement可以指定参数类型,这种插入方式更加安全,有两种常见的方式,注意设置参数时,起始值为1,而不是通常说的0
private boolean insertByStatement() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) throws SQLException {
preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰3");
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 300);
byte b = 0;
preparedStatement.setByte(3, b);
}
}) > 0;
}
private boolean insertByStatement2() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
return jdbcTemplate.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() {
@Override
public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰4");
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 400);
byte b = 0;
preparedStatement.setByte(3, b);
return preparedStatement;
}
}) > 0;
}
4. 插入并返回主键id
这个属于比较常见的需求了,我希望获取插入数据的主键id,用于后续的业务使用; 这时就需要用KeyHolder
/**
* 新增数据,并返回主键id
*
* @return
*/
private int insertAndReturnId() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
jdbcTemplate.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() {
@Override
public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
// 指定主键
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql, new String[]{"id"});
preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰5");
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 500);
byte b = 0;
preparedStatement.setByte(3, b);
return preparedStatement;
}
}, keyHolder);
return keyHolder.getKey().intValue();
}
看上面的实现,和前面差不多,但是有一行需要额外注意, 在获取Statement时,需要制定主键,否则会报错
// 指定主键
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql, new String[]{"id"});
5. 批量插入
基本插入看完之后,再看批量插入,会发现和前面的姿势没有太大的区别,无非是传入一个数组罢了,如下面的几种使用姿势
private void batchInsertBySql() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES " +
"('Batch 一灰灰blog', 100, 0), ('Batch 一灰灰blog 2', 100, 0);";
int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("batch insert by sql: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans));
}
private void batchInsertByParams() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
Object[] param1 = new Object[]{"Batch 一灰灰 3", 200, 0};
Object[] param2 = new Object[]{"Batch 一灰灰 4", 200, 0};
int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, Arrays.asList(param1, param2));
System.out.println("batch insert by params: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans));
}
private void batchInsertByStatement() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i) throws SQLException {
if (i == 0) {
preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰5");
} else {
preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰6");
}
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 300);
byte b = 0;
preparedStatement.setByte(3, b);
}
@Override
public int getBatchSize() {
return 2;
}
});
System.out.println("batch insert by statement: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans));
}
6. 测试
接下来我们测试下上面的代码执行情况
@Component
public class InsertService {
/**
* 简单的新增一条数据
*/
public void basicInsert() {
System.out.println("basic insert: " + insertBySql());
System.out.println("insertBySqlParams: " + insertBySqlParams());
System.out.println("insertByStatement: " + insertByStatement());
System.out.println("insertByStatement2: " + insertByStatement2());
System.out.println("insertAndReturn: " + insertAndReturnId());
List<Map<String, Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from money");
System.out.println("after insert, the records:\n" + result);
}
/**
* 批量插入数据
*/
public void batchInsert() {
batchInsertBySql();
batchInsertByParams();
batchInsertByStatement();
}
}
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public Application(InsertService insertService) {
insertService.basicInsert();
insertService.batchInsert();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
}
}
输出结果如
basic insert: true
insertBySqlParams: true
insertByStatement: true
insertByStatement2: true
insertAndReturn: 5
after insert, the records:
[{id=1, name=一灰灰blog, money=100, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:50.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:50.0}, {id=2, name=一灰灰2, money=200, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=3, name=一灰灰3, money=300, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=4, name=一灰灰4, money=400, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=5, name=一灰灰5, money=500, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}]
batch insert by sql: [2]
batch insert by params: [1,1]
batch insert by statement: [1,1]
II. 扩展
1. 批量插入并返回主键id
上面还漏了一个批量插入时,也需要返回主键id,改怎么办?
直接看JdbcTemplate的接口,并没有发现类似单个插入获取主键的方式,是不是意味着没法实现呢?
当然不是了,既然没有提供,我们完全可以依葫芦画瓢,自己实现一个 ExtendJdbcTemplate
, 首先看先单个插入返回id的实现如
接下来,我们自己的实现可以如下
public class ExtendJdbcTemplate extends JdbcTemplate {
public ExtendJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
super(dataSource);
}
public int[] batchUpdate(final String sql, final BatchPreparedStatementSetter pss,
final KeyHolder generatedKeyHolder) throws DataAccessException {
return execute(new PreparedStatementCreator() {
@Override
public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
return conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
}
}, ps -> {
try {
int batchSize = pss.getBatchSize();
int totalRowsAffected = 0;
int[] rowsAffected = new int[batchSize];
List generatedKeys = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList();
generatedKeys.clear();
ResultSet keys = null;
for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
pss.setValues(ps, i);
rowsAffected[i] = ps.executeUpdate();
totalRowsAffected += rowsAffected[i];
try {
keys = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
if (keys != null) {
RowMapper rowMapper = new ColumnMapRowMapper();
RowMapperResultSetExtractor rse = new RowMapperResultSetExtractor(rowMapper, 1);
generatedKeys.addAll(rse.extractData(keys));
}
} finally {
JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(keys);
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("SQL batch update affected " + totalRowsAffected + " rows and returned " +
generatedKeys.size() + " keys");
}
return rowsAffected;
} finally {
if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
}
}
});
}
}
封装完毕之后,我们的使用姿势可以为
@Autowired
private ExtendJdbcTemplate extendJdbcTemplate;
private void batchInsertAndReturnId() {
String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);";
GeneratedKeyHolder generatedKeyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
extendJdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i) throws SQLException {
if (i == 0) {
preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰7");
} else {
preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰8");
}
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 400);
byte b = 0;
preparedStatement.setByte(3, b);
}
@Override
public int getBatchSize() {
return 2;
}
}, generatedKeyHolder);
System.out.println("batch insert and return id ");
List<Map<String, Object>> objectMap = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList();
for (Map<String, Object> map : objectMap) {
System.out.println(map.get("GENERATED_KEY"));
}
}
然后测试执行,输出结果如下
2. 小结
本篇主要介绍使用JdbcTemplate插入数据的几种常用姿势,分别从单个插入和批量插入进行了实例演示,包括以下几种常见姿势
update(sql)
update(sql, param1, param2...)
update(sql, new PreparedStatementCreator(){})
update(new PreparedStatementSetter(){})
update(new PreparedStatementCreator(){}, new GeneratedKeyHolder())
批量插入姿势和上面差不多,唯一需要注意的是,如果你想使用批量插入,并获取主键id,目前我没有找到可以直接使用的接口,如果有这方面的需求,可以参考下我上面的使用姿势